PostgreSQL monitoring & observability

Metric name	Metric key	Description	Unit
Instance uptime	postgres.uptime	Time since the instance has been started	Second

Metric name	Metric key	Description	Unit
WAL files size	postgres.wal_files_size	Total size of all WAL files in the WAL directory	Byte
WAL files count	postgres.wal_files	Total number of WAL files in the WAL directory	Count
WAL files age	postgres.wal_files_age	Time elapsed since the oldest WAL file was modified	Second
WAL write	postgres.wal_write.count	Number of times WAL buffers were written out to disk via XLogWrite request	Count
WAL sync	postgres.wal_sync.count	Number of times WAL files were synced to disk via issue_xlog_fsync request	Count
WAL write time	postgres.wal_write_time.count	Total amount of time spent writing WAL buffers to disk via XLogWrite request, in milliseconds	MilliSecond
WAL sync time	postgres.wal_sync_time.count	Total amount of time spent syncing WAL files to disk via issue_xlog_fsync request, in milliseconds	MilliSecond
WAL diff size	postgres.wal_diff_size	Size of difference between current WAL and last WAL replay	Byte
WAL records per minute	postgres.wal_records.count	Number of WAL records generated per minute	Count
WAL fpi per minute	postgres.wal_fpi.count	Number of WAL full page images generated per minute	Count
WAL bytes	postgres.wal_bytes.count	Total amount of WAL generated in bytes	Count
WAL buffers full	postgres.wal_buffers_full.count	Number of times WAL data was written to disk because WAL buffers became full	Count

Metric name	Metric key	Description	Unit
Active backend processes	postgres.activity.active	Number of server processes executing a query	Count
Active waiting backend processes	postgres.activity.active_waiting	Number of server processes actively waiting	Count
Idle backend processes	postgres.activity.idle	Number of server processes waiting for a new client command	Count
Idle in transaction backends processes	postgres.activity.idle_in_transaction	Number of server processes in transaction not currently executing a query	Count
Idle in transaction aborted backends processes	postgres.activity.idle_in_transaction_aborted	Number of server processes in transaction not currently executing a query where one of the statements caused an error	Count
Fast-path function backend processes	postgres.activity.fastpath_function_call	Number of server processes executing a fast-path function call	Count

Metric name	Metric key	Description	Unit
Subscription stats - apply error	postgres.subscription_stats.apply_error.count	Number of times an error occurred while applying changes, as reported by pg_stat_subscription_stats.	Count
Subscription stats - sync error	postgres.subscription_stats.sync_error.count	Number of times an error occurred during the initial table synchronization, as reported by pg_stat_subscription_stats.	Count
Subscription stats conflict - insert exists	postgres.subscription_stats.confl_insert_exists.count	Number of times a row insertion violated a NOT DEFERRABLE unique constraint during the application of changes, as reported by pg_stat_subscription_stats.	Count
Subscription stats conflict - update origin differs	postgres.subscription_stats.confl_update_origin_differs.count	Number of times an update operation was applied to a row that had been previously modified by another source during the application of changes, as reported by pg_stat_subscription_stats.	Count
Subscription stats conflict - update exists	postgres.subscription_stats.confl_update_exists.count	Number of times that an updated row value violated a NOT DEFERRABLE unique constraint during the application of changes, as reported by pg_stat_subscription_stats.	Count
Subscription stats conflict - update missing	postgres.subscription_stats.confl_update_missing.count	Number of times the tuple to be updated was not found during the application of changes, as reported by pg_stat_subscription_stats.	Count
Subscription stats conflict - delete origin differs	postgres.subscription_stats.confl_delete_origin_differs.count	Number of times a delete operation was applied to row that had been previously modified by another source during the application of changes, as reported by pg_stat_subscription_stats.	Count
Subscription stats conflict - missing delete	postgres.subscription_stats.confl_delete_missing.count	Number of times the tuple to be deleted was not found during the application of changes, as reported by pg_stat_subscription_stats.	Count
Subscription stats conflict - multiple unique conflicts	postgres.subscription_stats.confl_multiple_unique_conflicts.count	Number of times a row insertion or an updated row values violated multiple NOT DEFERRABLE unique constraints during the application of changes, as reported by pg_stat_subscription_stats.	Count

Metric name	Metric key	Description	Unit
Latest transaction XID age	postgres.xid_age	Difference between the current transaction's XID and datfrozenxid. If this value exceeds 2^31, this can cause a database crash due to transaction ID wraparound.	Count
Number of backends	postgres.numbackends	Number of backends currently connected to this database	Count
Committed transactions	postgres.xact_commit.count	Number of transactions in this database that have been committed	Count
Rolled back transactions	postgres.xact_rollback.count	Number of transactions in this database that have been rolled back	Count
Block read from disk	postgres.blks_read.count	Number of disk blocks read in this database	Count
Blocks found in buffer cache	postgres.blks_hit.count	Number of times disk blocks were found already in the buffer cache, so that a read was not necessary	Count
Live rows returned	postgres.tup_returned.count	Number of live rows fetched by sequential scans and index entries returned by index scans in this database	Count
Live rows fetched by index scans	postgres.tup_fetched.count	Number of live rows fetched by index scans in this database	Count
Rows inserted	postgres.tup_inserted.count	Number of rows inserted by queries in this database	Count
Rows updated	postgres.tup_updated.count	Number of rows updated by queries in this database	Count
Rows deleted	postgres.tup_deleted.count	Number of rows deleted by queries in this database	Count
Queries canceled due to conflict	postgres.conflicts.count	Number of queries canceled due to conflicts with recovery in this database	Count
Temporary files created	postgres.temp_files.count	Number of temporary files created by queries in this database	Count
Data written to temporary files	postgres.temp_bytes.count	Total amount of data written to temporary files by queries in this database	Byte
Deadlocks	postgres.deadlocks.count	Number of deadlocks detected in this database	Count
Data file blocks reading time	postgres.blk_read_time.count	Time spent reading data file blocks by backends in this database	MilliSecond
Data file blocks writing time	postgres.blk_write_time.count	Time spent writing data file blocks by backends in this database	MilliSecond
Database Size	postgres.db_size	Size of the database in bytes	Byte
Data page checksum failures	postgres.checksum_failures.count	Number of data page checksum failures detected in this database. Only available if data checksums are enabled.	Count
Time spent by sessions	postgres.session_time.count	Time spent by database sessions in this database	MilliSecond
Time spent executing SQL statements	postgres.active_time.count	Time spent executing SQL statements in this database	MilliSecond
Time spent idling	postgres.idle_in_transaction_time.count	Time spent idling while in a transaction in this database	MilliSecond
Established sessions	postgres.sessions.count	Total number of sessions established	Count
Abandoned sessions	postgres.sessions_abandoned.count	Number of database sessions to this database that were terminated because connection to the client was lost	Count
Fatal error terminated sessions	postgres.sessions_fatal.count	Number of database sessions to this database that were terminated by fatal errors	Count
Killed sessions	postgres.sessions_killed.count	Number of database sessions to this database that were terminated by operator intervention	Count

Metric name	Metric key	Description	Unit
Number of locks	postgres.locks	Number of locks as reported by pg_locks	Count

Metric name	Metric key	Description	Unit
I/O reads	postgres.io.reads.count	Number of read operations as reported by pg_stat_io.	Count
I/O read time	postgres.io.read_time.count	Time spent waiting for read operations as reported by pg_stat_io.	MilliSecond
I/O writes	postgres.io.writes.count	Number of write operations as reported by pg_stat_io.	Count
I/O write time	postgres.io.write_time.count	Time spent waiting for write operations as reported by pg_stat_io.	MilliSecond
I/O writebacks	postgres.io.writebacks.count	Number of units of size BLCKSZ (typically 8kB) which the process requested the kernel write out to permanent storage as reported by pg_stat_io.	Count
I/O writeback time	postgres.io.writeback_time.count	Time spent waiting for writeback operations as reported by pg_stat_io.	MilliSecond
I/O extends	postgres.io.extends.count	Number of relation extend operations as reported by pg_stat_io.	Count
I/O extend time	postgres.io.extend_time.count	Time spent waiting for extend operations as reported by pg_stat_io.	MilliSecond
I/O hits	postgres.io.hits.count	The number of times a desired block was found in a shared buffer as reported by pg_stat_io.	Count
I/O evictions	postgres.io.evictions.count	Number of times a block has been written out from a shared or local buffer in order to make it available for another use as reported by pg_stat_io.	Count
I/O reuses	postgres.io.reuses.count	The number of times an existing buffer in a size-limited ring buffer outside of shared buffers was reused as part of an I/O operation as reported by pg_stat_io.	Count
I/O fsyncs	postgres.io.fsyncs.count	Number of fsync calls as reported by pg_stat_io.	Count
I/O fsync time	postgres.io.fsync_time.count	Time spent waiting for fsync operations as reported by pg_stat_io.	MilliSecond
I/O read bytes	postgres.io.read_bytes.count	The total size of read operations as reported by pg_stat_io.	Byte
I/O write bytes	postgres.io.write_bytes.count	The total size of write operations as reported by pg_stat_io.	Byte
I/O extend bytes	postgres.io.extend_bytes.count	The total size of relation extend operations as reported by pg_stat_io.	Byte

Metric name	Metric key	Description	Unit
User function calls	postgres.user_functions.calls.count	Number of times this function has been called, as reported by pg_stat_user_functions.	Count
User functions total time	postgres.user_functions.total_time.count	Total time spent in this function and all other functions called by it, as reported by pg_stat_user_functions.	Millisecond
User functions self time	postgres.user_functions.self_time.count	Total time spent in this function itself, not including other functions called by it, as reported by pg_stat_user_functions.	Millisecond

Metric name	Metric key	Description	Unit
Instance recovery mode	postgres.recovery.state	Indicate that the instance is in recovery mode. 1 if in recovery, 0 otherwise.	State

Metric name	Metric key	Description	Unit
Replication WAL restart delay	postgres.replication.restart_delay	Difference between current WAL LSN and the restart_lsn as reported by pg_replication_slots.	Byte
Replication WAL confirmed flush lag	postgres.replication.confirmed_flush_lag	Difference between current WAL LSN and the confirmed_flush_lsn as reported by pg_replication_slots.	Byte
Replication slot transaction age	postgres.replication.slot_xmin_age	Age of the oldest transaction that this logical replication slot needs the database to retain, as reported by pg_replication_slots.	Byte
Database conflicts tablespace	postgres.database_conflicts.tablespace.count	Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to dropped tablespaces, as reported by pg_stat_database_conflicts. Standby only.	Count
Database conflicts lock	postgres.database_conflicts.lock.count	Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to lock timeouts, as reported by pg_stat_database_conflicts. Standby only.	Count
Database conflicts snapshot	postgres.database_conflicts.snapshot.count	Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to old snapshots, as reported by pg_stat_database_conflicts. Standby only.	Count
Database conflicts buffer pin	postgres.database_conflicts.bufferpin.count	Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to pinned buffers, as reported by pg_stat_database_conflicts. Standby only.	Count
Database conflicts deadlock	postgres.database_conflicts.deadlock.count	Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to deadlocks, as reported by pg_stat_database_conflicts. Standby only.	Count
Replication WAL write lag	postgres.replication.write_lag	Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written it, as reported by pg_stat_replication.	Second
Replication WAL flush lag	postgres.replication.flush_lag	Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written and flushed it, as reported by pg_stat_replication.	Second
Replication WAL replay lag	postgres.replication.replay_lag	Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving notification that this standby server has written, flushed and applied it, as reported by pg_stat_replication.	Second
Replication backend transaction age	postgres.replication.backend_xmin_age	Age of the backend's xmin horizon, as reported by pg_stat_replication.	Count
Replication replay delay	postgres.replication.replay_delay	Difference in bytes between the current WAL position and the last WAL position replayed on the standby server, as reported by pg_stat_replication.	Byte
WAL receiver received timeline ID	postgres.wal_receiver.received_tli	Timeline number of the last WAL received and flushed to disk, as reported by pg_stat_wal_receiver. Standby only.	Count
WAL receiver last message send age	postgres.wal_receiver.last_msg_send_age	Time elapsed since last message sent to origin WAL sender, as reported by pg_stat_wal_receiver. Standby only.	Second
WAL receiver last message receipt age	postgres.wal_receiver.last_msg_receipt_age	Time elapsed since last message received from origin WAL sender, as reported by pg_stat_wal_receiver. Standby only.	Second
WAL receiver latest end age	postgres.wal_receiver.latest_end_age	Time elapsed since last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender, as reported by pg_stat_wal_receiver. Standby only.	Second

Metric name	Metric key	Description	Unit
Buffers written by background writer	postgres.buffers_clean.count	Number of buffers written by the background writer	Count
Cleaning scan stops	postgres.maxwritten_clean.count	Number of times the background writer stopped a cleaning scan because it had written too many buffers	Count
Buffers allocated	postgres.buffers_alloc.count	Number of buffers allocated	Count
Scheduled checkpoints performed	postgres.checkpoints_timed.count	Number of scheduled checkpoints that have been performed	Count
Requested checkpoints performed	postgres.checkpoints_req.count	Number of requested checkpoints that have been performed	Count
Checkpoints write time	postgres.checkpoint_write_time.count	Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are written to disk	MilliSecond
Checkpoint sync time	postgres.checkpoint_sync_time.count	Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of checkpoint processing where files are synchronized to disk	MilliSecond
Buffers written during checkpoints	postgres.buffers_checkpoint.count	Number of buffers written during checkpoints	Count
Buffers written by backend	postgres.buffers_backend.count	Number of buffers written directly by a backend	Count
Backend fsync executions	postgres.buffers_backend_fsync.count	Number of times a backend had to execute its own fsync call	Count

Metric name	Metric key	Description	Unit
Tablespace size	postgres.tablespace.size	Tablespace size in bytes	Byte

Metric name	Metric key	Description	Unit
SLRU blocks zeroed	postgres.slru.blks_zeroed.count	Number of blocks zeroed during initializations, as reported by pg_stat_slru.	Count
SLRU blocks hit	postgres.slru.blks_hit.count	Number of times disk blocks were found already in the SLRU cache, so that a read was not necessary, as reported by pg_stat_slru.	Count
SLRU blocks read	postgres.slru.blks_read.count	Number of disk blocks read, as reported by pg_stat_slru.	Count
SLRU blocks written	postgres.slru.blks_written.count	Number of disk blocks written, as reported by pg_stat_slru.	Count
SLRU blocks exists	postgres.slru.blks_exists.count	Number of blocks checked for existence, as reported by pg_stat_slru.	Count
SLRU flushes	postgres.slru.flushes.count	Number of SLRU flushes of dirty data, as reported by pg_stat_slru.	Count
SLRU truncates	postgres.slru.truncates.count	Number of SLRU truncates, as reported by pg_stat_slru.	Count

Metric name	Metric key	Description	Unit
Index size	postgres.indexes.index_size	Disk space used by the index, as reported by pg_relation_size().	Byte
Index scans	postgres.indexes.scans.count	Number of index scans initiated on this index as reported by pg_stat_user_indexes (idx_scan).	Count
Index tuples read	postgres.indexes.tuples_read.count	Number of index entries returned by scans on this index as reported by pg_stat_user_indexes (idx_tup_read).	Count
Index tuples fetched	postgres.indexes.tuples_fetched.count	Number of live table rows fetched by simple index scans using this index as reported by pg_stat_user_indexes (idx_tup_fetch).	Count
Index disk block reads	postgres.indexes.index_disk_reads.count	Number of disk blocks read from this index as reported by pg_statio_user_indexes (idx_blks_read).	Count
Index buffer hits	postgres.indexes.index_buffer_hits.count	Number of buffer hits for this index as reported by pg_statio_user_indexes (idx_blks_hit).	Count
Estimated row count	postgres.tables.rows	Estimated number of live rows in the table as reported by pg_stat_user_tables (n_live_tup).	Count
Dead rows	postgres.tables.dead_rows	Estimated number of dead rows in the table as reported by pg_stat_user_tables (n_dead_tup).	Count
Rows modified since analyze	postgres.tables.rows_modified_since_analyze	Estimated number of rows modified since this table was last analyzed as reported by pg_stat_user_tables (n_mod_since_analyze).	Count
Rows inserted since vacuum	postgres.tables.rows_inserted_since_vacuum	Estimated number of rows inserted since this table was last vacuumed as reported by pg_stat_user_tables (n_ins_since_vacuum).	Count
Total table size	postgres.tables.total_size	Total disk space used by the table, including indexes and TOAST data, as returned by pg_total_relation_size().	Byte
Table size	postgres.tables.table_size	Disk space used by the main fork of the table, as returned by pg_relation_size().	Byte
TOAST size	postgres.tables.toast_size	Disk space used by the TOAST table associated with this table, as returned by pg_relation_size().	Byte
Indexes size	postgres.tables.indexes_size	Total disk space used by all indexes on the table, as returned by pg_indexes_size().	Byte
Sequential scans	postgres.tables.sequential_scans.count	Number of sequential scans initiated on this table as reported by pg_stat_user_tables (seq_scan).	Count
Index scans	postgres.tables.index_scans.count	Number of index scans initiated on this table as reported by pg_stat_user_tables (idx_scan).	Count
Rows read by sequential scans	postgres.tables.rows_read_seq.count	Number of live rows fetched by sequential scans as reported by pg_stat_user_tables (seq_tup_read).	Count
Rows read by index scans	postgres.tables.rows_read_idx.count	Number of live rows fetched by index scans as reported by pg_stat_user_tables (idx_tup_fetch).	Count
Rows inserted	postgres.tables.rows_inserted.count	Number of rows inserted into this table as reported by pg_stat_user_tables (n_tup_ins).	Count
Rows updated	postgres.tables.rows_updated.count	Number of rows updated in this table as reported by pg_stat_user_tables (n_tup_upd).	Count
Rows deleted	postgres.tables.rows_deleted.count	Number of rows deleted from this table as reported by pg_stat_user_tables (n_tup_del).	Count
HOT updates	postgres.tables.hot_updates.count	Number of rows HOT updated in this table, where no separate index update was needed, as reported by pg_stat_user_tables (n_tup_hot_upd).	Count
Table disk block reads	postgres.tables.table_disk_reads.count	Number of disk blocks read from this table as reported by pg_statio_user_tables (heap_blks_read).	Count
Table buffer hits	postgres.tables.table_buffer_hits.count	Number of buffer hits for this table as reported by pg_statio_user_tables (heap_blks_hit).	Count
Index disk block reads	postgres.tables.index_disk_reads.count	Number of disk blocks read from all indexes on this table as reported by pg_statio_user_tables (idx_blks_read).	Count
Index buffer hits	postgres.tables.index_buffer_hits.count	Number of buffer hits for all indexes on this table as reported by pg_statio_user_tables (idx_blks_hit).	Count
TOAST disk block reads	postgres.tables.toast_disk_reads.count	Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table as reported by pg_statio_user_tables (toast_blks_read).	Count
TOAST buffer hits	postgres.tables.toast_buffer_hits.count	Number of buffer hits for this table's TOAST table as reported by pg_statio_user_tables (toast_blks_hit).	Count
TOAST index disk block reads	postgres.tables.toast_index_disk_reads.count	Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table indexes as reported by pg_statio_user_tables (tidx_blks_read).	Count
TOAST index buffer hits	postgres.tables.toast_index_buffer_hits.count	Number of buffer hits for this table's TOAST table indexes as reported by pg_statio_user_tables (tidx_blks_hit).	Count
Manual vacuums	postgres.tables.vacuum.count	Number of times this table has been manually vacuumed (not counting VACUUM FULL) as reported by pg_stat_user_tables (vacuum_count).	Count
Autovacuums	postgres.tables.autovacuum.count	Number of times this table has been vacuumed by the autovacuum daemon as reported by pg_stat_user_tables (autovacuum_count).	Count
Manual analyzes	postgres.tables.analyze.count	Number of times this table has been manually analyzed as reported by pg_stat_user_tables (analyze_count).	Count
Autoanalyzes	postgres.tables.autoanalyze.count	Number of times this table has been analyzed by the autovacuum daemon as reported by pg_stat_user_tables (autoanalyze_count).	Count

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