Instrumentation via OneAgent SDK for Android

Use the OneAgent SDK for Android to report additional details about the user sessions in your mobile app. The OneAgent SDK for Android allows you to create custom actions, report errors, tag specific users, and more. The sections below explain how to enable these capabilities.

You can use the OneAgent SDK in Java and Kotlin.

Start OneAgent

If you've disabled auto-start with the autoStart.enabled property or you're using standalone manual instrumentation instead of auto-instrumentation, start OneAgent manually in the Application.onCreate method. Use the Dynatrace.startup(Application, Configuration) API method.

JavaKotlin

java
public class YourApplication extends Application {

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        // provide the application context as parameter
        Dynatrace.startup(this, new DynatraceConfigurationBuilder("<YourApplicationID>", "<ProvidedBeaconUrl>")
            ... // additional configuration
            .buildConfiguration());
    }
}

kotlin
class YourApplication : Application() {

    override fun onCreate() {
        super.onCreate()
        // provide the application context as parameter
        Dynatrace.startup(this, DynatraceConfigurationBuilder("<YourApplicationID>", "<ProvidedBeaconUrl>")
            ... // additional configuration
            .buildConfiguration())
    }
}

If you need to start OneAgent at a later stage, use the Dynatrace.startup(Activity, Configuration) API method. You have to provide the active Activity as a parameter so that OneAgent can immediately monitor it.

JavaKotlin

java
Dynatrace.startup(yourActiveActivity, new DynatraceConfigurationBuilder("<YourApplicationID>", "<ProvidedBeaconUrl>")
  ... // additional configuration
  .buildConfiguration());

kotlin
Dynatrace.startup(yourActiveActivity, DynatraceConfigurationBuilder("<YourApplicationID>", "<ProvidedBeaconUrl>")
  ... // additional configuration
  .buildConfiguration())

Start OneAgent in OneAgent SDK for Android versions 8.229 and earlier

JavaKotlin

java
public class YourApplication extends Application {

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        Dynatrace.startup(this, new DynatraceConfigurationBuilder("<YourApplicationID>", "<ProvidedBeaconUrl>")
            ... // additional configuration
            .buildConfiguration());
    }
}

kotlin
class YourApplication : Application() {

    override fun onCreate() {
        super.onCreate()
        Dynatrace.startup(this, DynatraceConfigurationBuilder("<YourApplicationID>", "<ProvidedBeaconUrl>")
            ... // additional configuration
            .buildConfiguration())
    }
}

If your app supports Direct Boot, ensure that Dynatrace.startup is never called from a Direct Boot aware component. Also see Adjust communication with OneAgent SDK for Android to make sure that OneAgent can transmit data to the Dynatrace Cluster.

Configure OneAgent

Use the DynatraceConfigurationBuilder class to customize OneAgent settings.

JavaKotlin

java
new DynatraceConfigurationBuilder("<YourApplicationID>", "<ProvidedBeaconURL>")
    .withUserOptIn(true)
    .withCrashReporting(true)
    .buildConfiguration();

kotlin
DynatraceConfigurationBuilder("<YourApplicationID>", "<ProvidedBeaconURL>")
    .withUserOptIn(true)
    .withCrashReporting(true)
    .buildConfiguration()

If you use a combination of manual and auto-instrumentation, the auto-instrumentation injects a Dynatrace.startup call into the Application.onCreate method. In this case, the injected Dynatrace.startup call is called before your manual Dynatrace.startup call, so your manual configuration is ignored.

Use the autoStart.enabled property to deactivate the auto-start feature from the auto-instrumentation. You can then define a manual Dynatrace.startup call. In this case, you can override the values pre-configured from the auto-instrumentation.

User action monitoring

With user action monitoring, you can define and report custom actions. You can then enrich these custom actions using the following monitoring operations:

Create a child action
Report an event
Report a value
Report an error
Attach a web request to the user action

Custom actions are different from the user actions created with the Dynatrace Android Gradle plugin. OneAgent does not automatically add additional events, such as web requests, to custom actions or close custom actions. However, when OneAgent shuts down or has to start a new session, it closes all open custom actions.

Create custom actions

You can create custom actions and enhance them with additional information. If custom actions are not closed explicitly, OneAgent closes them and sends them to the Dynatrace Cluster.

Call enterAction to start a custom action and leaveAction to close a custom action. Timing is measured automatically.

JavaKotlin

java
// start a custom action
DTXAction action = Dynatrace.enterAction("Tap on Search");

// ...do some work here...

// end a custom action
action.leaveAction();

kotlin
// start a custom action
val action = Dynatrace.enterAction("Tap on Search")

// ...do some work here...

// end a custom action
action.leaveAction()

For a mobile custom action or a mobile autogenerated user action, the maximum name length is 250 characters.

Create child actions

Child actions are similar to parent actions. When the parent action is closed, OneAgent automatically closes all child actions of the parent action.

Generate child actions using the Dynatrace.enterAction(String, DTXAction) method.

JavaKotlin

java
// start a parent custom action
DTXAction parentAction = Dynatrace.enterAction("Tap on Search");

// ...do some work here...

// start a child action
DTXAction childAction = Dynatrace.enterAction("Tap on Confirm", parentAction);

// ...do some work here...

// end a child action
childAction.leaveAction();

// ...do some work here...

// end a parent custom action
parentAction.leaveAction();

kotlin
// start a parent custom action
val parentAction = Dynatrace.enterAction("Tap on Search")

// ...do some work here...

// start a child action
val childAction = Dynatrace.enterAction("Tap on Confirm", parentAction)

// ...do some work here...

// end a child action
childAction.leaveAction()

// ...do some work here...

// end a parent custom action
parentAction.leaveAction()

For a mobile custom action or a mobile autogenerated user action, the maximum name length is 250 characters.

Cancel custom actions

OneAgent SDK for Android version 8.231+

If you need to cancel an already created but not yet completed custom action, use the DTXAction#cancel() API call.

Canceling an action discards all data associated with it: all reported values are discarded and all child actions are canceled. Also, note that you cannot cancel a completed action.

JavaKotlin

java
// create a custom action
DTXAction action = Dynatrace.enterAction("Tap on Purchase");
try {
    // ...do some work here...
    performWork();

    // close the custom action. All associated data is stored and sent to Dynatrace
    action.leaveAction();
}
catch(Exception e) {
    // cancel the custom action. All associated data is discarded.
    action.cancel();
}

kotlin
// create a custom action
val action = Dynatrace.enterAction("Tap on Purchase")
try {
    // ...do some work here...
    performWork()

    // close the custom action. All associated data is stored and sent to Dynatrace
    action.leaveAction()
} catch (e: Exception) {
    // cancel the custom action. All associated data is discarded.
    action.cancel()
}

Determine custom action state

OneAgent SDK for Android version 8.231+

Sometimes it's helpful to know whether a custom action is still open and can be used to report data.

To check the state of a custom action, use the DTXAction#isFinished() method.

A custom action is finished when the action is:

Completed via DTXAction#leaveAction(), or
Canceled via DTXAction#cancel(), or
Terminated by OneAgent (for example, when OneAgent shuts down)

Note that you shouldn't interact with a finished custom action.

Custom action code sample

The following code snippet shows a sample instrumentation of the fictional method search, which makes a web request to an instrumented server and parses the received result. The following instrumentation actions are part of the code snippet:

Creates a custom action
Reports a value
Reports a error
Monitors a web request
Creates a child action

JavaKotlin

java
public boolean search(String query) {
    // [1a] start a parent custom action
    DTXAction searchAction = Dynatrace.enterAction("Tap on Search");

    // [2] report a value
    searchAction.reportValue("query", query);

    URL url;
    try {
        url = new URL("https://www.example.com/?query=" + query);
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
        // [3] report an error
        searchAction.reportError("invalid url", e);

        // [1b] end a parent custom action
        searchAction.leaveAction();
        return false;
    }

    // [4.1] Generate a new unique tag associated with the custom action "Tap on Search"
    String uniqueRequestTag = searchAction.getRequestTag();
    // [4.2] Generate a WebRequestTiming object based on the unique tag
    WebRequestTiming timing = Dynatrace.getWebRequestTiming(uniqueRequestTag);

    Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url(url)
            // [4.3] Place the Dynatrace HTTP header on your web request
            .addHeader(Dynatrace.getRequestTagHeader(), uniqueRequestTag)
            .build();

    // [4.4] Start web request timing before the HTTP request is sent
    timing.startWebRequestTiming();
    try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
        if (!response.isSuccessful()) {
            // [4.5] Stop web request timing when a connection exception occurs
            timing.stopWebRequestTiming(url, response.code(), response.message());
            return false;
        }
        String body = response.body().string();

        // [4.5] Stop web request timing when the HTTP response is received and the response body is obtained
        timing.stopWebRequestTiming(url, response.code(), response.message());

        // [5a] start a child action
        DTXAction parseAction = Dynatrace.enterAction("Parse result", searchAction);

        parseResult(body);

        // [5b] end a child action
        parseAction.leaveAction();

        return true;
    } catch (IOException e) {
        // [4.5] Stop web request timing when a connection exception occurs
        timing.stopWebRequestTiming(url, -1, e.toString());

        return false;
    }
    finally {
        // [1b] end a parent custom action
        searchAction.leaveAction();
    }
}

kotlin
fun search(query: String): Boolean {
    // [1a] start a parent custom action
    val searchAction = Dynatrace.enterAction("Tap on Search")

    // [2] report a value
    searchAction.reportValue("query", query)

    var url: URL? = null
    try {
        url = URL("https://www.example.com/?query=$query")
    } catch (e: MalformedURLException) {
        // [3] report an error
        searchAction.reportError("invalid url", e)

        // [1b] end a parent custom action
        searchAction.leaveAction()
        return false
    }

    // [4.1] Generate a new unique tag associated with the custom action "Tap on Search"
    val uniqueRequestTag = searchAction.requestTag
    // [4.2] Generate a WebRequestTiming object based on the unique tag
    val timing = Dynatrace.getWebRequestTiming(uniqueRequestTag)

    val request = Request.Builder()
        .url(url)
        // [4.3] Place the Dynatrace HTTP header on your web request
        .addHeader(Dynatrace.getRequestTagHeader(), uniqueRequestTag)
        .build()

    try {
        // [4.4] Start web request timing before the HTTP request is sent
        timing.startWebRequestTiming()
        client.newCall(request).execute().use { response ->
            if (!response.isSuccessful) {
                // [4.5] Stop web request timing when a connection exception occurs
                timing.stopWebRequestTiming(url, response.code, response.message)
                return false
            }
            val body = response.body!!.string()

            // [4.5] Stop web request timing when the HTTP response is received and the response body was obtained
            timing.stopWebRequestTiming(url, response.code, response.message)

            // [5a] start a child action
            val parseAction = Dynatrace.enterAction("Parse result", searchAction)

            parseResult(body)

            // [5b] end a child action
            parseAction.leaveAction()
        }

        return true
    } catch (e: IOException) {
        // [4.5] Stop web request timing when a connection exception occurs
        timing.stopWebRequestTiming(url, -1, e.toString())

        return false
    } finally {
        // [1b] end a parent custom action
        searchAction.leaveAction()
    }
}

Custom value reporting

Using the OneAgent SDK for Android, you can report events, values, and errors.

Report an event

With reportEvent, you can report a specific event. The reported event must be part of a user action.

JavaKotlin

java
action.reportEvent("event_name");

kotlin
action.reportEvent("event_name")

Report a value

The reportValue method allows you to report your own metrics. These metrics must be part of a user action.

The OneAgent SDK allows you to report metrics with the following value types:

Metrics with type long are supported for OneAgent SDK versions 8.197+.

JavaKotlin

java
// report int
action.reportValue("int_metrics_name", 5);
// report long
action.reportValue("long_metrics_name", 5L);
// report double
action.reportValue("double_metrics_name", 5.6);
// report string
action.reportValue("string_metrics_name", "exampleValue");

kotlin
// report int
action.reportValue("int_metrics_name", 5)
// report long
action.reportValue("long_metrics_name", 5L)
// report double
action.reportValue("double_metrics_name", 5.6)
// report string
action.reportValue("string_metrics_name", "exampleValue")

Report an error

The reportError method is different from the reportValue method, as it is specifically identified as an error type event.

The OneAgent SDK allows you to report the following:

Error codes. Use the reportError(String, int) method.
Handled exceptions. Use the reportError(String, Throwable) method.

There are two options for reporting an error event. You can report an error as part of a user action or as a standalone error, which is generated as a global event that is not tied to a specific user action.

Error within a user action

JavaKotlin

java
// report an error code
action.reportError("error_code_name", -1);
// report an exception
action.reportError("exception_name", exception);

kotlin
// report an error code
action.reportError("error_code_name", -1)
// report an exception
action.reportError("exception_name", exception)

Standalone error

You can report standalone error events via the Dynatrace class.

JavaKotlin

java
// report an error code
Dynatrace.reportError("error_code_name", -1);
// report an exception
Dynatrace.reportError("exception_name", exception);

kotlin
// report an error code
Dynatrace.reportError("error_code_name", -1)
// report an exception
Dynatrace.reportError("exception_name", exception)

Lifecycle monitoring

OneAgent SDK for Android version 8.223+

With lifecycle monitoring, OneAgent collects the following data:

Activity display: Measures the timespan from Activity.onCreate(Bundle) to Activity.onPostResume() and reports the time of each activity lifecycle state that is entered.
Activity redisplay: Measures the time it takes to redisplay a previously created activity and reports the time of each activity lifecycle state that is entered until the activity is visible again.

Activity lifecycle monitoring is turned on by default, but you can disable it with the withActivityMonitoring method.

JavaKotlin

java
new DynatraceConfigurationBuilder("<YourApplicationID>", "<ProvidedBeaconURL>")
    .withActivityMonitoring(false)
    .buildConfiguration();

kotlin
DynatraceConfigurationBuilder("<YourApplicationID>", "<ProvidedBeaconURL>")
    .withActivityMonitoring(false)
    .buildConfiguration()

Web request monitoring

To track web requests, add the x-dynatrace HTTP header with a unique value to the web request. The tag correlates the server-side monitoring data to the corresponding mobile web request. Additionally, the timing values from the mobile side must be measured.

To monitor a web request

Generate a new unique tag.
Generate a WebRequestTiming object based on the tag.
Place the Dynatrace HTTP header on your web request.
Start web request timing before the HTTP request is sent.
Stop web request timing.
- The HTTP response is received, and the response body is obtained.
- A connection exception occurs.

Do not manually and auto-instrument the same web requests. This behavior can lead to incorrect monitoring data.

There are two types of web requests:

Requests attached to a user action
Standalone requests. For these requests, OneAgent automatically tries to find an appropriate user action. If it finds one, the web request is attached to the user action. The web request is only reported as a standalone web request when no appropriate user action is found.

Attach a web request to a user action

To attach a web request to a user action, generate a unique tag with the DTXAction.getRequestTag() method.

The following sample shows how to attach a synchronous OkHttp web request to the "Search request" user action.

JavaKotlin

java
URL url = new URL("https://www.example.com");

// First, create a custom action
DTXAction webAction = Dynatrace.enterAction("Search request");
// [1] Generate a new unique tag associated with the user action
String uniqueRequestTag = webAction.getRequestTag();
// [2] Generate a WebRequestTiming object based on the unique tag
WebRequestTiming timing = Dynatrace.getWebRequestTiming(uniqueRequestTag);

// Define your OkHttp request. This varies greatly depending on your implementation
Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url(url)
        // Define your headers for the OkHttp request
        .addHeader(yourKey1, yourValue1)
        .addHeader(yourKey2, yourValue2)
        // [3] Place the Dynatrace HTTP header on your web request
        .addHeader(Dynatrace.getRequestTagHeader(), uniqueRequestTag)
        .build();

// [4] Start web request timing before the HTTP request is sent
timing.startWebRequestTiming();
try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
    if (response.isSuccessful()) {
        // handle response
        String body = response.body().string();
    }

    // [5.1] Stop web request timing when the HTTP response is received and the response body was obtained
    timing.stopWebRequestTiming(url, response.code(), response.message());
} catch (IOException e) {
    // [5.2] Stop web request timing when a connection exception occurs
    timing.stopWebRequestTiming(url, -1, e.toString());

    // user-defined exception handling
}
finally {
    // Lastly, end the custom action
    webAction.leaveAction();
}

kotlin
val url = URL("https://www.example.com")

// First, create a custom action
val webAction = Dynatrace.enterAction("Search request")
// [1] Generate a new unique tag associated with the user action
val uniqueRequestTag = webAction.requestTag
// [2] Generate a WebRequestTiming object based on the unique tag
val timing = Dynatrace.getWebRequestTiming(uniqueRequestTag)

// Define your OkHttp request. This varies greatly depending on your implementation
val request = Request.Builder()
    .url(url)
    // Define your headers for the OkHttp request
    .addHeader(yourKey1, yourValue1)
    .addHeader(yourKey2, yourValue2)
    // [3] Place the Dynatrace HTTP header on your web request
    .addHeader(Dynatrace.getRequestTagHeader(), uniqueRequestTag)
    .build()

try {
    // [4] Start web request timing before the HTTP request is sent
    timing.startWebRequestTiming()
    client.newCall(request).execute().use { response ->
        if (response.isSuccessful) {
            // handle response
            val body = response.body!!.string()
        }

        // [5.1] Stop web request timing when the HTTP response is received and the response body was obtained
        timing.stopWebRequestTiming(url, response.code, response.message)
    }
} catch (e: IOException) {
    // [5.2] Stop web request timing when a connection exception occurs
    timing.stopWebRequestTiming(url, -1, e.toString())

    // user-defined exception handling
} finally {
    // Lastly, end the custom action
    webAction.leaveAction()
}

Attach an asynchronous OkHttp web request to a user action

JavaKotlin

java
final URL url = new URL("https://www.example.com");

// First, create a custom action
final DTXAction webAction = Dynatrace.enterAction("Search request");
// [1] Generate a new unique tag associated with the user action
String uniqueRequestTag = webAction.getRequestTag();
// [2] Generate a WebRequestTiming object based on the unique tag
final WebRequestTiming timing = Dynatrace.getWebRequestTiming(uniqueRequestTag);

// Define your OkHttp request. This varies greatly depending on your implementation
Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url(url)
        // Define your headers for the OkHttp request
        .addHeader(yourKey1, yourValue1)
        .addHeader(yourKey2, yourValue2)
        // [3] Place the Dynatrace HTTP header on your web request
        .addHeader(Dynatrace.getRequestTagHeader(), uniqueRequestTag)
        .build();

// [4] Call startWebRequestTiming to begin the timing, and then handle the response body from the OkHttp call
timing.startWebRequestTiming();
client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
    @Override
    public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
        // [5.2] Stop web request timing when a connection exception occurs
        timing.stopWebRequestTiming(url, -1, e.toString());

        // user-defined exception handling

        // [8] Lastly, end the custom action
        webAction.leaveAction();
    }

    @Override
    public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
        try (ResponseBody responseBody = response.body()) {
            if (response.isSuccessful()) {
                // handle response
                String body = response.body().string();
            }

            // [5.1] Stop web request timing when the HTTP response is received and the response body was obtained
            timing.stopWebRequestTiming(url, response.code(), response.message());

            // Lastly, end the custom action
            webAction.leaveAction();
        }
    }
});

kotlin
val url = URL("https://www.example.com")

// First, create a custom action
val webAction = Dynatrace.enterAction("Search request")
// [1] Generate a new unique tag associated with the user action
val uniqueRequestTag = webAction.requestTag
// [2] Generate a WebRequestTiming object based on the unique tag
val timing = Dynatrace.getWebRequestTiming(uniqueRequestTag)

// Define your OkHttp request. This varies greatly depending on your implementation
val request = Request.Builder()
    .url(url)
    // Define your headers for the OkHttp request
    .addHeader(yourKey1, yourValue1)
    .addHeader(yourKey2, yourValue2)
    // [3] Place the Dynatrace HTTP header on your web request
    .addHeader(Dynatrace.getRequestTagHeader(), uniqueRequestTag)
    .build()

// [4] Call startWebRequestTiming to begin the timing, and then handle the response body from the OkHttp call
timing.startWebRequestTiming()
client.newCall(request).enqueue(object : Callback {
    override fun onFailure(call: Call, e: IOException) {
        // [5.2] Stop web request timing when a connection exception occurs
        timing.stopWebRequestTiming(url, -1, e.toString())

        // user-defined exception handling

        // [8] Lastly, end the custom action
        webAction.leaveAction()
    }

    @Throws(IOException::class)
    override fun onResponse(call: Call, response: Response) {
        response.use {
            if (response.isSuccessful) {
                // handle response
                val body = response.body!!.string()
            }

            // [5.1] Stop web request timing when the HTTP response is received and the response body was obtained
            timing.stopWebRequestTiming(url, response.code, response.message)

            // Lastly, end the custom action
            webAction.leaveAction()
        }
    }
})

Monitor a standalone web request

To monitor a web request as a standalone request, generate a unique tag with the Dynatrace.getRequestTag() method.

The following sample shows how to monitor a synchronous OkHttp web request.

JavaKotlin

java
URL url = new URL("https://www.example.com");

// [1] Generate a new unique tag
String uniqueRequestTag = Dynatrace.getRequestTag();
// [2] Generate a WebRequestTiming object based on the unique tag
WebRequestTiming timing = Dynatrace.getWebRequestTiming(uniqueRequestTag);

// Define your OkHttp request. This varies greatly depending on your implementation
Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url(url)
        // Define your headers for the OkHttp request
        .addHeader(yourKey1, yourValue1)
        .addHeader(yourKey2, yourValue2)
        // [3] Place the Dynatrace HTTP header on your web request
        .addHeader(Dynatrace.getRequestTagHeader(), uniqueRequestTag)
        .build();

// [4] Start web request timing before the HTTP request is sent
timing.startWebRequestTiming();
try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
    if (response.isSuccessful()) {
        // handle response
        String body = response.body().string();
    }

    // [5.1] Stop web request timing when the HTTP response is received and the response body was obtained
    timing.stopWebRequestTiming(url, response.code(), response.message());
} catch (IOException e) {
    // [5.2] Stop web request timing when a connection exception occurs
    timing.stopWebRequestTiming(url, -1, e.toString());

    // user-defined exception handling
}

kotlin
val url = URL("https://www.example.com")

// [1] Generate a new unique tag
val uniqueRequestTag = Dynatrace.getRequestTag()
// [2] Generate a WebRequestTiming object based on the unique tag
val timing = Dynatrace.getWebRequestTiming(uniqueRequestTag)

// Define your OkHttp request. This varies greatly depending on your implementation
val request = Request.Builder()
    .url(url)
    // Define your headers for the OkHttp request
    .addHeader(yourKey1, yourValue1)
    .addHeader(yourKey2, yourValue2)
    // [3] Place the Dynatrace HTTP header on your web request
    .addHeader(Dynatrace.getRequestTagHeader(), uniqueRequestTag)
    .build()

try {
    // [4] Start web request timing before the HTTP request is sent
    timing.startWebRequestTiming()
    client.newCall(request).execute().use { response ->
        if (response.isSuccessful) {
            // handle response
            val body = response.body!!.string()
        }

        // [5.1] Stop web request timing when the HTTP response is received and the response body was obtained
        timing.stopWebRequestTiming(url, response.code, response.message)
    }
} catch (e: IOException) {
    // [5.2] Stop web request timing when a connection exception occurs
    timing.stopWebRequestTiming(url, -1, e.toString())

    // user-defined exception handling
}

Monitor `HttpURLConnection` requests

For monitoring HttpURLConnection web requests, the OneAgent SDK for Android has an additional Dynatrace.getWebRequestTiming(HttpURLConnection) API method. It automatically generates a unique tag and places it on the HttpURLConnection connection. You can also use the WebRequestTiming.stopWebRequestTiming() method because OneAgent can automatically determine the status code and message from the specified HttpURLConnection.

JavaKotlin

java
URL url = new URL("https://www.example.com");
HttpURLConnection conn = null;
WebRequestTiming timing = null;

// First, create a custom action
DTXAction webAction = Dynatrace.enterAction("Search request");
try {
    conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

    // [1], [2], [3] Once the connection object is obtained, tag it automatically and receive a WebRequestTiming instance
    timing = Dynatrace.getWebRequestTiming(conn);

    // [4] Stop web request timing when the HTTP response is received and the response body was obtained
    timing.startWebRequestTiming();
    InputStream stream = new BufferedInputStream(conn.getInputStream());
    readStream(stream);

    // [5.1] Stop web request timing when the HTTP response is received and the response body was obtained
    timing.stopWebRequestTiming();
} catch (Exception e) {
    if(timing != null) {
        // [5.2] Stop web request timing when a connection exception occurs
        timing.stopWebRequestTiming(url, -1, e.toString());
    }

    // user-defined exception handling
} finally {
    if (conn != null) {
        conn.disconnect();
    }
    // Lastly, end the custom action
    webAction.leaveAction();
}

kotlin
val url = URL("https://www.example.com")
var conn: HttpURLConnection? = null
var timing: WebRequestTiming? = null

// First, create a custom action
val webAction = Dynatrace.enterAction("Search request")
try {
    conn = url.openConnection() as HttpURLConnection

    // [1], [2], [3] Once the connection object is obtained, tag it automatically and receive a WebRequestTiming instance
    timing = Dynatrace.getWebRequestTiming(conn)

    // [4] Stop web request timing when the HTTP response is received and the response body was obtained
    timing.startWebRequestTiming()
    val stream = BufferedInputStream(conn.getInputStream())
    readStream(stream)

    // [5.1] Stop web request timing when the HTTP response is received and the response body was obtained
    timing.stopWebRequestTiming()
} catch (e: Exception) {
    timing?.stopWebRequestTiming(url, -1, e.toString())

    // user-defined exception handling
} finally {
    conn?.disconnect()
    // Lastly, end the custom action
    webAction.leaveAction()
}

Monitor WebSocket connections

OneAgent SDK for Android version 8.239+

OneAgent for Android does not support auto-instrumentation of WebSocket requests. If you need to monitor a WebSocket request (starts with ws:// or wss://), check the code samples below.

Use the stopWebRequestTiming(URI requestUri, int respCode, String respPhrase) API method to manually instrument WebSocket requests.
Make sure to pass along the original URI. Do not retrieve the URI from the OkHttp object because this doesn't return the original URI.
This approach is only suitable for WebSocket connections that are open for up to about 9 minutes. Longer connections may not be reported.

JavaKotlin

java
final URI uri = URI.create("wss://websocket.example.com");

// First, create a custom action
DTXAction webSocketAction = Dynatrace.enterAction("WebSocket");
// Generate a WebRequestTiming object based on the unique request tag
WebRequestTiming timing = Dynatrace.getWebRequestTiming(webSocketAction.getRequestTag());
// Define your OkHttp request. This varies greatly depending on your implementation
Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url(uri.toString())
        .build();

// Start web request timing when you are about to open a WebSocket connection
timing.startWebRequestTiming();

WebSocket webSocket = client.newWebSocket(request, new WebSocketListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClosing(@NonNull WebSocket webSocket, int code, @NonNull String reason) {
        // Stop web request timing when the webSocket connection closes
        // Don't retrieve the URI from the OkHttp object because it always replaces wss:// with https://
        timing.stopWebRequestTiming(uri, code, reason);
        // end the action
        webSocketAction.leaveAction();
    }

    @Override
    public void onFailure(@NonNull WebSocket webSocket, @NonNull Throwable t, @Nullable Response response) {
        // Stop web request timing when the webSocket connection fails and customize the return code and message
        // Don't retrieve the URI from the OkHttp object because it always replaces wss:// with https://
        timing.stopWebRequestTiming(uri, 1011, "ERROR");
        // end the action
        webSocketAction.leaveAction();
    }
});

kotlin
val uri = URI.create("wss://websocket.example.com")
// First, create a custom action
val webSocketAction = Dynatrace.enterAction("WebSocket")
// Generate a WebRequestTiming object based on the unique request tag
val webRequestTiming = Dynatrace.getWebRequestTiming(webSocketAction.requestTag)
// Define your OkHttp request. This varies greatly depending on your implementation
val request = Request.Builder()
        .url(uri.toString())
        .build()

// Start web request timing when you are about to open a WebSocket connection
webRequestTiming.startWebRequestTiming()

val webSocket = client.newWebSocket(request, object : WebSocketListener() {
    override fun onClosing(webSocket: WebSocket, code: Int, reason: String) {
        // Stop web request timing when the webSocket connection closes
        // Don't retrieve the URI from the OkHttp object because it always replaces wss:// with https://
        webRequestTiming.stopWebRequestTiming(uri, code, reason)
        // end the action
        webSocketAction.leaveAction()
    }

    override fun onFailure(webSocket: WebSocket, t: Throwable, response: Response?) {
        // Stop web request timing when the webSocket connection fails
        // Don't retrieve the URI from the OkHttp object because it always replaces wss:// with https://
        webRequestTiming.stopWebRequestTiming(uri, 1011, "ERROR")
        // end the action
        webSocketAction.leaveAction()
    }
})

Crash reporting

OneAgent captures all unhandled exceptions and errors and sends the crash report to the server immediately. The Android crash report includes the occurrence time and the full stack trace of the exception.

You can deactivate crash reporting using the withCrashReporting method:

JavaKotlin

java
new DynatraceConfigurationBuilder("<YourApplicationID>", "<ProvidedBeaconURL>")
    .withCrashReporting(false)
    .buildConfiguration();

kotlin
DynatraceConfigurationBuilder("<YourApplicationID>", "<ProvidedBeaconURL>")
    .withCrashReporting(false)
    .buildConfiguration()

Tag specific users

You can tag each user of your mobile apps with a unique user name. This enables you to search and filter specific user sessions and analyze individual user behavior over time.

The following steps explain how to tag an individual user via the Dynatrace API.

JavaKotlin

java
Dynatrace.identifyUser("john.doe@example.com");

kotlin
Dynatrace.identifyUser("john.doe@example.com")

The user tag value is not stored and must be renewed every session.

Configure data privacy

With the user opt-in mode for mobile apps, you can dynamically adjust data privacy settings and build your apps in compliance with data protection laws and regulations.

To activate the user opt-in mode, enable the userOptIn flag via the DSL from the Dynatrace Android Gradle plugin or use the ConfigurationBuilder.withUserOptIn method.

With the Dynatrace.applyUserPrivacyOptions method, you can adjust privacy settings based on the user's decision.

JavaKotlin

java
Dynatrace.applyUserPrivacyOptions(UserPrivacyOptions.builder()
    .withDataCollectionLevel(DataCollectionLevel.USER_BEHAVIOR)
    .withCrashReportingOptedIn(true)
    .build()
);

kotlin
Dynatrace.applyUserPrivacyOptions(UserPrivacyOptions.builder()
    .withDataCollectionLevel(DataCollectionLevel.USER_BEHAVIOR)
    .withCrashReportingOptedIn(true)
    .build()
)

OneAgent persists the privacy settings and automatically applies them when the app is restarted. Additionally, OneAgent generates a new session whenever the privacy settings are changed via the Dynatrace.applyUserPrivacyOptions method.

You can also retrieve the privacy settings with the Dynatrace.getUserPrivacyOptions method. However, you should use this method after OneAgent starts.

Data privacy in OneAgent SDK for Android versions 8.189 and earlier

With the Dynatrace.setCrashReportingOptedIn(boolean) method, you can activate or deactivate crash reporting. The data collection level can be changed with the Dynatrace.setDataCollectionLevel(DataCollectionLevel) method.

You can retrieve the privacy settings with the Dynatrace.getDataCollectionLevel() and Dynatrace.isCrashReportingOptedIn() methods. Use the privacy API methods after OneAgent starts.

Configure hybrid apps

For hybrid applications that use the RUM JavaScript inside WebView (Android) or WKWebView (iOS), cookies must be set for each instrumented domain or server that the application communicates with. When the hybrid app monitoring feature is enabled, OneAgent generates these cookies for every specified domain and stores them in CookieManager.

Enable hybrid app monitoring

You can activate the hybrid app monitoring feature with the withHybridMonitoring method. Specify all used domains, hosts, and IP addresses via the withMonitoredDomains or the withMonitoredHttpsDomains method. Start domains and sub-domains with a dot (.).

`withMonitoredDomains` method

JavaKotlin

java
new DynatraceConfigurationBuilder("<YourApplicationID>", "<ProvidedBeaconURL>")
    .withHybridMonitoring(true)
    .withMonitoredDomains("<domain1>", "<domain2>")
    .buildConfiguration();

kotlin
DynatraceConfigurationBuilder("<YourApplicationID>", "<ProvidedBeaconURL>")
    .withHybridMonitoring(true)
    .withMonitoredDomains("<domain1>", "<domain2>")
    .buildConfiguration()

`withMonitoredHttpsDomains` method

OneAgent SDK for Android version 8.237+

Dynatrace allows you to add the Secure cookie attribute for all cookies that are set by Dynatrace. This ensures that the browser sends these cookies only over secure connections.

JavaKotlin

java
new DynatraceConfigurationBuilder("<YourApplicationID>", "<ProvidedBeaconURL>")
    .withHybridMonitoring(true)
    .withMonitoredHttpsDomains("https://<domain1>", "https://<domain2>")
    .buildConfiguration();

kotlin
DynatraceConfigurationBuilder("<YourApplicationID>", "<ProvidedBeaconURL>")
    .withHybridMonitoring(true)
    .withMonitoredHttpsDomains("https://<domain1>", "https://<domain2>")
    .buildConfiguration()

Instrument `WebView`

OneAgent SDK for Android version 8.191+

To enable communication between the RUM JavaScript and OneAgent for Android, instrument all WebView objects before the URL is loaded with WebView.loadUrl(String). Instrument the Dynatrace.instrumentWebView method for every WebView that contains the RUM JavaScript. Without this, the monitoring data may not be associated with the same session.

JavaKotlin

java
WebView myWebView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview);
Dynatrace.instrumentWebView(myWebView);
myWebView.loadUrl("http://www.example.com");

kotlin
val myWebView: WebView = findViewById(R.id.webview)
Dynatrace.instrumentWebView(myWebView)
myWebView.loadUrl("http://www.example.com")

Due to security reasons, this API call is ignored on devices with API versions 15 and 16.

Preserve Dynatrace cookies

OneAgent SDK for Android version 8.191+

For hybrid apps, it is important to ensure that the Dynatrace cookies are not deleted. Without these cookies, Dynatrace cannot combine the monitoring data from the RUM JavaScript and OneAgent for Android into a single session.

When you delete cookies via CookieManager#removeAllCookies(ValueCallback) or CookieManager#removeSessionCookies(ValueCallback), you should also call the restoreCookies method to restore the Dynatrace cookies.

JavaKotlin

java
CookieManager.getInstance().removeAllCookies(null);
Dynatrace.restoreCookies();

kotlin
CookieManager.getInstance().removeAllCookies(null)
Dynatrace.restoreCookies()

Enable load balancing

OneAgent allows you to enable client-side load balancing that helps avoid unbalanced load on the server when multiple OneAgents simultaneously establish a connection to ActiveGate.

JavaKotlin

java
new DynatraceConfigurationBuilder("<YourApplicationID>", "<ProvidedBeaconURL>")
    .withStartupLoadBalancing(true)
    .buildConfiguration();

kotlin
DynatraceConfigurationBuilder("<YourApplicationID>", "<ProvidedBeaconURL>")
    .withStartupLoadBalancing(true)
    .buildConfiguration()

Instrumentation via OneAgent SDK for Android

Start OneAgent

Configure OneAgent

User action monitoring

Create custom actions

Create child actions

Cancel custom actions

Determine custom action state

Custom action code sample

Custom value reporting

Report an event

Report a value

Report an error

Error within a user action

Standalone error

Lifecycle monitoring

Web request monitoring

Attach a web request to a user action

Monitor a standalone web request

Monitor HttpURLConnection requests

Monitor WebSocket connections

Crash reporting

Tag specific users

Configure data privacy

Configure hybrid apps

Enable hybrid app monitoring

withMonitoredDomains method

withMonitoredHttpsDomains method

Instrument WebView

Preserve Dynatrace cookies

Enable load balancing

Monitor `HttpURLConnection` requests

`withMonitoredDomains` method

`withMonitoredHttpsDomains` method

Instrument `WebView`